Class 11 : Biology Revised Syllabus (2020-21) For CBSE Exam | (CODE NO. 044)
Vyakhyaedu
Prescribed Books:
1. Biology Class-XI, Published by NCERT
2. Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (including multimedia)
The present curriculum provides the students with updated concepts along with an extended exposure to contemporary areas of the subject. The curriculum also aims at emphasizing the underlying principles that are common to animals, plants and microorganisms as well as highlighting the relationship of Biology with other areas of knowledge.
Unit-I
Diversity of Living Organisms
REVISED TOPICS
Chapter-1: The Living World
What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature.
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae. (salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of each category).
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (salient features and distinguishing features of a few examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)
TOPICS REMOVED
Chapter-1: The Living World
taxonomy and systematics; tools for study of taxonomy- museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens, keys for identification.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Angiospermae; Angiosperms - classification up to class, characteristic features and examples.
Unit-II Structural Organization
in Animals and Plants
REVISED TOPICS
Morphology of inflorescence and flower, Description of 01 family: Solanaceae or Liliaceae (to be dealt along with the relevant experiments of the Practical Syllabus).
Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Animal tissues.
TOPICS REMOVED
- Morphology and modifications: Morphology of different parts of flowering plants:
- root, stem, leaf, fruit and seed.
- Description of families: - Fabaceae
Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Anatomy and functions of different tissues and tissue systems in dicots and monocots. Secondary growth.
Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach), (a brief account only).
Unit-III Cell
Structure and Function
REVISED TOPICS
Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles,mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.
Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
TOPICS REMOVED
Unit-IV Plant Physiology
REVISED TOPICS
Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
Growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.
TOPICS REMOVED
Chapter-11: Transport in PlantsMovement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations, imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water - Absorption,apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration,opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients -Transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis.
Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition
Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
- Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell;
- Seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism
Unit-V Human Physiology
REVISED TOPICS
Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.
Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
Chapter-19: Excretory Products and their Elimination
Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin - angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney,kidney transplant.
Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
Skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction.
Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse.
Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders;dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease.
Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.
TOPICS REMOVED
Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption
Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders - PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea.
Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
- Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular;
- Skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems - myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
reflex action; sensory perception; sense organs; elementary structure and functions of eye
and ear
REVISED PRACTICALS
A: List of Experiments
1. Study and describe a locally available common flowering plant, from any one family: Solanaceae or Liliaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be substituted in case of particular geographical location) including dissection and display of floral whorls, anther and ovary to show number of chambers (floral formulae and floral diagrams).
2. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.
3. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.
4. Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.
5. Test for presence of sugar in urine.
6. Test for presence of albumin in urine.
B. Study/Observer of
the following (spotting)
2. Specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons - Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine, one monocotyledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant and one lichen.
3. Virtual specimens/slides/models and identifying features of - Amoeba, Hydra, liverfluke, Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard, pigeon and rabbit.
4. Tissues and diversity in shape and size of animal cells (squamous epithelium, smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers and mammalian blood smear) through temporary/permanent slides.
5. Mitosis in onion root tip cells and animal cells (grasshopper) from permanent slides.
PRACTICALS REMOVED
A: List of Experiments
1. Description of Family Fabaceae; Types of root (Tap and adventitious); types of stem (herbaceous and woody); leaf(arrangement, shape, venation, simple and compound).2. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary)
3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.
4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo/lily leaves or flashy scale leaves of onion bulb).
5. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
6. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats in suitable plant and animal materials.
7. Test for presence of urea in urine.
8. Test for presence of bile salts in urine.
B. Study/Observation of the following (spotting)
1. Tissues and diversity in shape and size of plant cells (palisade cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem and phloem) throughtemporary and permanent slides.
2. Different modifications in roots, stems and leaves.
3. Different types of inflorescence (cymose and racemose).
4. Human skeleton and different types of joints with the help of virtual images/models only
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